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Textos de discussão - TDSE
Publicado em: outubro de 2016
Nivalde de Castro Roberto Brandão Mauricio Moszkowicz Rubens Rosental Guilherme Dantas

TDSE 67 “Perspectivas e Desafios da Difusão da Micro e da Mini Geração Solar Fotovoltaica no Brasil”

O processo de difusão da geração distribuída solar fotovoltaica vem ocorrendo de forma acelerada em diversas regiões do mundo. No Brasil, embora o processo ainda seja incipiente, as resoluções 482 e 687 criaram condições propícias para a existência de um ciclo expansivo de investimentos em sistemas fotovoltaicos. Os benefícios inerentes a descentralização através da difusão da micro e da mini geração solar fotovoltaica são diversos. Entretanto, também existem impactos e custos no processo. Por um lado, existe a redução do mercado das concessionários de distribuição. Ao mesmo tempo, para maiores níveis de difusão, é possível que exista a necessidade de adaptações na rede. Desta forma, é perceptível a necessidade de examinar os impactos sobre o equilíbrio econômico-financeiro das distribuidoras. O texto de discussão “Perspectivas e Desafios da Micro e da Mini Geração Solar Fotovoltaica no Brasil” visa, não apenas apresentar os condicionantes da inserção da geração distribuída solar fotovoltaica no Brasil, como também examinar os impactos técnicos e econômicos desta difusão. O estudo conclui que o arcabouço regulatório atual é incompatível com a garantia do equilíbrio econômico financeiro das distribuidoras em um cenário de elevada difusão da micro e da mini geração solar fotovoltaica. Este estudo está diretamente associado ao Programa de P&D da ANEEL vinculado ao projeto de pesquisa “Impactos dos Recursos Energéticos Distribuídos para as Distribuidoras” executado pelo GESEL com apoio do Grupo Energisa.
ISBN: 978-85-7773-956-1
(Publicado em outubro de 2016)

 

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Abstract in english:
The diffusion process of distributed solar photovoltaic generation has been occurring in an accelerated way in several regions of the world. In Brazil, although the process is still incipient, resolutions 482 and 687 created conditions conducive to the existence of an expansive cycle of investments in photovoltaic systems. The benefits inherent to decentralization through the diffusion of micro and mini solar photovoltaic generation are diverse. However, there are also impacts and costs in the process. On the one hand, there is a reduction in the distribution dealer’s market. At the same time, for higher levels of diffusion, it is possible that there is a need for adaptations in the network. In this way, the need to examine the impacts on the economic and financial balance of distributors is perceptible. The discussion paper “Perspectives and Challenges of Micro and Mini Photovoltaic Solar Generation in Brazil” aims not only to present the conditions of the insertion of distributed solar photovoltaic generation in Brazil, but also to examine the technical and economic impacts of this diffusion. The study concludes that the current regulatory framework is incompatible with the guarantee of the financial economic equilibrium of the distributors in a scenario of high diffusion of micro and mini solar photovoltaic generation.

Artigos acadêmicos
Publicado em: setembro de 2016
Nivalde de Castro Mauricio Moszkowicz Lucca Zamboni Kelli de Miranda Cristóvão Alves Caetano Penna

O Programa de P&D da ANEEL e o Processo de Inovação no Setor Elétrico Brasileiro

O setor elétrico mundial está passando por profundas mudanças devido à difusão no mercado de novas tecnologias; processo este que pode ser caracterizado como o início de uma transição tecnológica. Em julho de 2000, a lei brasileira no. 9.991 criou o Programa de P&D do Setor Elétrico, que determina que 1% da receita operacional líquida (ROL) das empresas do setor elétrico deve ser investido em projetos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D). Quais foram os principais resultados atingidos pelo Programa? E como isso contribuiu (ou não) para o processo de transição em curso? Até o momento, nenhum estudo analisou esses aspectos de forma crítica e formal. Este artigo traz as primeiras percepções de um projeto de pesquisa em curso, cujo objetivo é endereçar essas questões e suprir esta lacuna na literatura. O estudo apresenta uma visão geral dos projetos de P&D desenvolvidos desde 2000, e propõe uma nova metodologia para avaliar, sob o ponto de vista quantitativo e qualitativo, os benefícios do programa. Esta metodologia considera quatro perspectivas: empresas do setor elétrico, o setor elétrico, o setor acadêmico e os fornecedores de sistemas e serviços. O trabalho também traz cenários a serem considerados para aprimorar o Programa de P&D.

Artigos acadêmicos
Publicado em: setembro de 2016
Nivalde de Castro Roberto Brandão Mauricio Moszkowicz Rogério Camargo Jorge Sousa Paula Ferreira

The Regulation Framework: Pushing Innovation in the Brazilian Transmission Sector

The transmission network is the first link between large power generation facilities and electricity customers. It supplies energy at high voltages to substations, where the energy is distributed via the distribution network. The transmission network today operates with a high level of reliability, but presently a variety of technologies offers the possibility of great improvement in system performance.Sophisticated new monitoring systems may reduce the likelihood of system failures and disruptions that cause serious economic and social consequences. Emerging efficient technologies may also help to solve network expansion constraints, including difficulties to install new transmission lines and to incorporate growing participation of intermittent energy plants, like wind and solar. This paper starts presenting the status and perspectives of the Brazilian transmission sector showing the high level of investment planned until 2024 – 60% cumulative growth of line extensions and the same 60% rate for transformation capacity. In the second part the paper presents the emerging technologies and the potential opportunities it offer to increase, among other factors, the energy quality, O&M structure, availability and reduction of technical losses. These advantages impact not only for new assets but also for the existing ones. Considering the existing assets the paper starts a discussion about the regulatory framework ant the right economic signals to promote investment in innovation and automation. The paper then addresses the emerging regulatory of OFGEM in UK and the existing regulatory barriers that still exists internationally and in Brazil. The paper concludes by identifying an opportunity for developing a regulatory R&D project to deeply analyze this subject and to propose a new regulatory framework to promote an economical feasible innovation process for the Brazilian transmission sector. In the last part the paper presents the guidelines and structure of the project GESEL is starting to develop in the scope of the Brazilian ANEEL regulated R&D program.

Artigos acadêmicos
Publicado em: setembro de 2016
Mauricio Moszkowicz Lorrane Câmara Francesco Tommaso Lucas Merenfeld Guilherme Dantas

Desafios Da Difusão De Fontes De Geração Não Controláveis No Brasil

O objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar alternativas para lidar com os desafios inerentes à expansão de fontes não controláveis na matriz elétrica brasileira. A metodologia utilizada teve como base a realização de revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e consulta a especialistas, visando à construção de dois cenários, um de referência e outro alternativo. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a alternativa a ser priorizada no cenário de referência é baseada na conjugação de contratação de termoelétricas e de reforços no sistema de transmissão. Já no cenário alternativo, são adotadas medidas de gerenciamento da demanda, viabilizada através do desenvolvimento de redes inteligentes e da difusão do armazenamento de energia.

Artigos acadêmicos
Publicado em: junho de 2016
Nivalde de Castro Roberto Brandão Mauricio Moszkowicz Lorrane Câmara Ana Luiza Souza Mendes

“The role of imbalance settlement mechanisms in electricity markets: a comparative analysis between UK and Brazil”

The work aims to analyze UK’s and Brazil’s wholesale electricity trading models. UK’s model, also known as New Electricity Trading Arrangements (NETA), can be considered a reference for the present day electricity markets. Recently UK has implemented a market reform that, while maintaining UK’s market structure, introduced several strong regulatory economic signals in order to foster new investments, both in thermal and in low carbon emission electricity generation. Brazil’s wholesale market model is also noteworthy as it managed to promote large scale investments in low carbon generation in a liberalized market environment. However, Brazil’s regulatory framework design proved fragile during a recent long draught period when short term financial obligations related to imbalance settlements soared and led to financial stress and, eventually to a market halt.

Artigos acadêmicos
Publicado em: fevereiro de 2016
Nivalde de Castro Roberto Brandão Mauricio Moszkowicz Rogério Camargo

“Brazil –Economic Regulation of Energy Transmission: Incentives for Innovation”

The transmission network is the first link between large power generation facilities and electricity customers. It supplies energy at high voltages to substations, where the energy is distributed via the distribution network. The transmission network today operates with a high level of reliability, but presently a variety of technologies offers the possibility of great improvement in system performance. Sophisticated new monitoring systems may reduce the likelihood of system failures and disruptions that cause serious economic and social consequences. Emerging efficient technologies may also help to solve network expansion constraints, including difficulties to install new transmission lines and to incorporate growing participation of intermittent energy plants, like wind and solar. This paper starts presenting the status and perspectives of the Brazilian transmission sector showing the high level of investment planned until 2024 – 60% cumulative growth of line extensions and the same 60% rate for transformation capacity. In the second part the paper presents the emerging technologies and the potential opportunities it offer to increase, among other factors, the energy quality, O&M structure, availability and reduction of technical losses. These advantages impact not only for new assets but also for the existing ones. Considering the existing assets the paper starts a discussion about the regulatory framework ant the right economic signals to promote investment in innovation and automation. The paper then addresses the emerging regulatory of OFGEM in UK and the existing regulatory barriers that still exists internationally and in Brazil. The paper concludes by identifying an opportunity for developing a regulatory R&D project to deeply analyze this subject and to propose a new regulatory framework to promote an economical feasible innovation process for the Brazilian transmission sector. In the last part the paper presents the guidelines and structure of the project GESEL is starting to develop in the scope of the Brazilian ANEEL regulated R&D program.

Artigos acadêmicos
Publicado em: fevereiro de 2016
Nivalde de Castro Mauricio Moszkowicz Lucca Zamboni João Martins Cristóvão Alves Caetano Penna

“Innovation Process in the Brazilian Electric Sector”

The electrical sector is in the eve of profound modifications due to the market diffusion of several related technologies. Some drivers of this transition are: the increasing support from society for reducing carbon emissions; the growing speed of development and cost reduction of renewable energy generation technologies; new energy storage devices; new automation spread all over the network; a dramatic increase of the computational capacity; and new regulations related to energy usage. Innovation will play a key role in the transition process of the electric sector, promoting changes and creating opportunities for new technology, products, system, regulation and business structures. Since July 2000, law 9.991 established the Brazilian Electric Sector R&D Program that states that 1% of the income of the electric companies must be invested in R&D (research and development) projects, 40% of this overall budget stay under the electric company discretion (the Program is coordinated by the Brazilian electric sector regulatory agency, ANEEL). As a result, BRL 13.5 Billion (approximately equivalent to USD 3.5 Billion) were invested in 4,300 projects from the year 2000 until 2014. What were the results achieved by the Program? And how has it contributed (or not) to the ongoing transition process? To date, no systematic and comprehensive study has looked at the whole period of the Program. This study introduces the first insights of a two-year research project that seeks to address these questions and to fill this gap. It presents an overview of the projects that have been carried out since 2000, and develops a unique methodology that will be used to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative historical benefits of the Program. The methodology considers four perspectives: electric companies, electric sector, academic sector and systems and services providers. It will also present scenarios that will be considered to improve the R&D Program and to inform related public policies and regulations that seek to stimulate Brazilian companies to invest in the electric sector innovation process, and ultimately contribute to the sector’s transition.