This paper presents and assesses a set of policies identified by different stakeholders as having a potential to foster the development of smart grids in Brazil. The methodology to shape this set of policies consisted of a thorough literature review of international experiences, combined with meetings with experts in several domains. Then, these policies were assessed by applying a Delphi questionnaire aiming at measuring their effectiveness in fulfilling the objectives associated with investments in smart grids. A first conclusion is that all policies were assessed as having a positive impact taking into account each of the objectives, differing only in the priority to be assigned to each one. The policies that were considered more relevant were: “Incentive Policies for Promoting Demand-Side Management, Distributed Generation and Storage”, “Regulatory Changes to Foster Innovation in the Energy Sector” and “Regulation of New Business Models”. Among the policies with the worst scores, “Mandatory Rollout of Smart Meters” and “Establishing Quality Standards for the Telecommunications Industry” were ranked as the two lower-ranked policies, i.e., they were assigned lower priority under all objectives.
A disseminação de redes inteligentes é um elemen-to central na dinâmica de transformação do setor elétrico. Res-salta-se, contudo, que as características tecno-econômicas deste setor não induzem endogenamente a promoção de inovações. Observa-se, assim, a pertinência da adoção de políticas públicas para esse fim. A delimitação dessas políticas é uma tarefa com-plexa, pois deve considerar variáveis de diferentes naturezas. Neste sentido, o objetivo central deste projeto é identificar as políticas públicas mais pertinentes de serem adotadas no Brasil, utilizando, para isso, um modelo de análise multicritério. A parametrização do modelo foi feita recorrendo a um conjunto de especialistas através da aplicação de uma pesquisa Delphi. Os resultados gerados pelo modelo permitiram classificar as políticas em termos de sua prioridade de adoção. Ressalta-se que todas as políticas obtiveram êxito ao serem consideradas como prioritárias. Contudo, a política de ‘incentivo ao gerenci-amento da demanda, geração distribuída e estocagem’ foi con-siderada a mais prioritária.
A disseminação de redes inteligentes é um elemento central na dinâmica de transformação do setor elétrico. Ressalta-se, contudo, que as características tecno-econômicas deste setor não induzem endogenamente a promoção dessa inovação. Observa-se, assim, a pertinência da adoção de políticas públicas para esse fim. A delimitação dessas políticas é uma tarefa complexa, pois deve considerar variáveis de diferentes naturezas. Neste sentido, o objetivo central deste artigo é identificar as políticas públicas mais pertinentes de serem adotadas no Brasil, utilizando, para isso, um modelo de análise multicritério. A parametrização do modelo foi feita recorrendo a um conjunto de especialistas através da aplicação de uma pesquisa Delphi.
The promotion of a reliable and sustainable power system has as key drivers the development of smart grids associated with demand-side management schemes, diffusion of electric mobility, accommodation of larger shares of distributed generation, in particular microgeneration and the introduction of storage systems. In addition, these technological development vectors represent new business opportunities for several players (utilities, retailers, ESCOs, aggregator entities, etc.), which should be considered by regulatory guidelines accounting for technical efficiency, economic feasibility and tariff affordability. The technical and economic characteristics of the electricity sector (capital intensive, undifferentiated product, regulated tariffs, almost inelastic demand, need of instantaneous balance between supply and demand, etc.) do not induce that the process of technological innovation happens in an endogenous manner within the sector dynamics. Therefore, public policies have a role to play in this process. This communication presents an approach using Problem Structuring Methods to frame the problem of analyzing and evaluating technological innovations and associate incentive policies in the electricity sector. The results of this structuring phase using Soft Systems Methodology suggest a large number of issues that were organized as a hierarchy of objectives. These objectives will correspond to the criteria of a Multicriteria Decision Analysis methodology devoted to assessing the potential courses of action promoting technological innovation. This methodology should provide decision support to policy and decision makers to shape policies aimed at fostering more reliable and sustainable electricity systems.